Golden Navigation: What are the classifications of base station antennas? -Next article

   Shenzhen Jinhangbiao Electronics Co., Ltd.(SHENZHENKING HELMELECTRON CO., LTD.) was established in 2007. It is a national high-tech and dual-software certified enterprise, a senior member of the "China Satellite Navigation Association", an enterprise that has obtained the ISO9001 (04617Q13625ROS) quality management certification system, and is improving the IATF16949 automotive quality management system. The main business is the R&D, production and sales of Beidou satellite navigation and Internet of Things terminal application hardware, and the provision of www.BDS666.com logistics information intelligent system solutions.

There are many ways to classify base station antennas, and the appearance of different types of antennas in mobile communications. So, next, the editor of Jinhangbiao Electronics will talk to you:base station antennaWhat are the categories?

4. Electronically adjustable antenna

Refers to a mobile antenna that uses electronic adjustment of the downtilt angle. The principle of electronic downtilt is to tilt the vertical pattern of the antenna downward by changing the phase of the collinear array antenna oscillator, changing the amplitude of the vertical component and horizontal component, and changing the field strength of the composite component. Since the field strength in all directions of the antenna increases and decreases at the same time, it is ensured that the antenna pattern changes little after changing the tilt angle, shortening the coverage distance in the main lobe direction, and at the same time reducing the coverage area of ​​the entire pattern within the serving cell sector without causing interference.

   Practice has proven that when the downtilt angle of an electrically adjustable antenna changes from 1° to 5°, its antenna pattern is roughly the same as that of a mechanical antenna; when the downtilt angle changes from 5° to 10°, its antenna pattern is slightly improved compared to that of a mechanical antenna; when the downtilt angle changes from 10° to 15°, its antenna pattern is better than that of a mechanical antenna. The change is larger; when the mechanical antenna is tilted down 15°, its antenna pattern is significantly different from that of the mechanical antenna. At this time, the shape of the antenna pattern does not change much, the main lobe direction coverage distance is significantly shortened, and the entire antenna pattern is within the base station sector. Increasing the downtilt angle can reduce the sector coverage area without causing interference. Therefore, using an electrically adjustable antenna can reduce call loss and reduce interference.

In addition, the electrically adjustable antenna allows the system to adjust the lower tilt angle of the vertical pattern without shutting down, and monitors the effect of the adjustment in real time. The step accuracy of adjusting the tilt angle is also high (0.1°), so the network can be finely adjusted; the third-order intermodulation index of the electrically adjustable antenna is -150dBc, which is 30dBc different from the mechanical antenna, which is beneficial to eliminating adjacent-channel interference and spurious interference.

5. Dual polarized antenna

   Dual polarization antenna is a new type of antenna technology that combines two antennas with orthogonal polarization directions of +45° and -45° and works in the transmit and receive duplex mode at the same time. Therefore, its most prominent advantage is to save the number of antennas in a single directional base station. Generally, the directional base station (three sectors) of the LTE digital mobile communication network uses 9 antennas, and each sector uses 3 antennas (space diversity, one transmitter and two (Receive), if dual-polarized antennas are used, only one antenna is needed for each sector; at the same time, in dual-polarized antennas, the polarization orthogonality of ±45° can ensure that the isolation between the +45° and -45° antennas meets the intermodulation requirements for isolation between antennas (≥30dB), so the spatial separation between dual-polarized antennas only needs 20-30cm;

In addition, dual-polarized antennas have the advantages of electrically adjustable antennas. Using dual-polarized antennas in mobile communication networks, like electrically adjustable antennas, can reduce call loss, reduce interference, and improve the service quality of the entire network. If a dual-polarized antenna is used, since the dual-polarized antenna does not have high requirements for erection and installation, there is no need to acquire land to build a tower. You only need to erect an iron column with a diameter of 20cm, and fix the dual-polarized antenna on the iron column according to the corresponding coverage direction. This saves infrastructure investment, makes the base station layout more reasonable, and makes the selection of the base station site easier.

For the selection of antennas, mobile antennas suitable for the mobile network needs of the region should be selected based on the actual conditions such as network coverage, business volume, interference and network service quality:

·In high-traffic areas with dense base stations, dual-polarized antennas and electrically adjustable antennas should be used as much as possible;

·Traditional mechanical antennas can be used in areas such as edges and suburbs where the business volume is not high, where base stations are not densely packed, and where coverage is only required.

The above is all the content shared by the editor of Jinhangbiao Electronics. I hope it will be helpful to everyone. Thank you for reading!